ABSTRACT
Background: The present article focuses on the design and development of a highly sensitive and convenient approach for rapid detection of animal species and cross contaminations quickly during cell cultures as most important document for manufacturing working cell bank system. This test is one of the four most important documents during implementing the banking system. By using this modified test, one of the major risks in cell culture laboratories, cross- contamination and misidentifications with microorganisms of cell lines will also be important to be confirmed
Materials and Methods: A PCR _RFLP assay was optimized based on the use of a pair of primers that anneal to a portion the cytochrome b gene in all the species. The amplification product was digested with a panel of six restriction enzymes and the pattern derived was resolved on 3% high resolution agarose gel for 2 species, human and primate. As a control test iso enzyme assay as a conventional method was used
Results: This protocol produced a unique restriction pattern and the origin was confirmed by this analysis. The sensitivity in detecting interspecies cross contamination was at least 100 pg DNA/reaction, which was sufficient for detection of each species of DNA
Conclusion: The method developed in this study will provide a useful tool for the authentication of animal species and is also more comparable and time consuming, compared with conventional analysis. Using this method, significant differences between human and non-human as well as cross- contamination between different cell lines are simply distinguished
ABSTRACT
Implementation of the motivational program by nurse managers can improve nurses' performance and behaviour, provide better care for patients, and promote patients' satisfaction. This study aimed to determine the effect of implementation of the motivational program designed using "Expectancy Theory" by head nurses on patients' satisfaction. This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in medical and surgical units of two hospitals in Zanajn in 2011. Data were gathered using a patient satisfaction questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed [alpha=0.72]. Forty participants were selected and allocated in two study groups. The groups were matched for some variables before the intervention. The motivational program was implemented in the intervention group for five months. The program had two designing and implementation phases including: 1] determining nurse managers' expectancies from nurses, assessing nurses' attitudes about valuable rewards, founding reward management committee and management improvement committee, and providing evaluation checklists for nurses' performance; 2] implementing standards of nursing care and patient education by nurses, monthly evaluation of nurses by head nurses and collaborative members of the reward management committee, determining level of rewards based on the results of nurses' performance evaluation, and giving reward to nurses at the end of each month in a reward ceremony. Data were analyzed using the Paired t-test, Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-squared in the SPSS v.16. There were no significant differences between the two groups at baseline dealing with the demographic variables. The results showed that patients satisfaction was significantly higher in the intervention group after the intervention [P<0.05]. This motivational program designed based on the "expectancy theory" has clear steps to be implemented among nurses and can be used as a practical guide by nurse managers to improve patients' satisfaction